海运提单上那些你不知道的事 Secret on Marine Bill of Lading

外贸连

提单（Bill of lading),相信做外贸的你来说并不陌生，但是你是否真正掌握提单知识呢，还是只是停留在表面知识上？今天，阿连为你整理了一下提单上一些你可能不知道的事，让还在迷雾中的你尽快走出迷雾。
Working on foreign trade, you must be familiar with Bill of lading, but do you really master Bill of lading, or just know some basic knowledge? Today let me tell you something you may not know about B/L to help you out of the fog as soon as possible.
我们最常见的提单有货代提单，船东提单，驳船提单和大船提单。货代提单（HOUSE B/L OR FORWARDER B/L）顾名思义就是由货代签发的提单。而船东提单（MASTER B/L）就是船公司签发的提单了。
The most common form are House B/L, master B/L, barge B/L and Mother B/L. House B/L or forwarder B/L as the name suggest is the bill of lading issued by forwarders while Master B/L is the bill of lading issued by shipping company.
相对于船东提单，货代提单的操作性和灵活性比较强，一些船东提单不能显示的东西只要货代配合，都能显示在上面，这对于做信用证的客户来说，可以避免一些关于提单的不符点。例如有些信用证上会要求提单显示“运费到付”字样，但船公司出的提单是肯定不会接受的，这就会造成不符。而船东提单是最正式的提单，但却有很多条条框框限制，尤其是提单上显示的内容，只能够按照船公司规定而显示，毫无商量的余地，而且出单比较慢，遇到一些急着交单的订单，就只能是干着急了。
Compared with Master B/L, House B/L has more interoperability and flexibility. Something can’t show on Master B/L but can be shown on House B/L as long as the freight forwarder cooperates. For LC customers, it can avoid some discrepancies on the B/L. For example, some L/C require “freight collect” should be shown but it is not acceptable for B/L issued by shipping company which will cause discrepancy. And Master B/L is the most formal bill of lading, but with lots of rules limit, especially the content shown on the B/L, which can only in accordance with relevant provisions of the shipping company and nonnegotiable. In addition, it is slow to issue so those companies who are in hurry to present document can only be anxious.
对于选择哪种提单，我们要先咨询客户，看看客户有没有要求，没有的话我们就可以根据实际情况选择出什么单。如果是做信用证的客户，你就要看清楚信用证有没有注明要哪种提单了，或者哪种提单是not accepted 的 了。
As to choose B/L, we need to firstly consult customers to confirm requirements, if not, we can choose one according to actual situation. If customers do L/C, you should make sure whether there is a certain B/L selected or which is not accepted.
驳船提单，提单上显示的是驳船的名称和航次，上船日期就是上驳船的日期，而大船提单显示的就是大船的船名航次，上船日期显示的就是上大船的日期。这对于普通TT 客户来说基本上是没有要求的，但对于做信用证的客户，尤其是孟加拉客户，他们必须要船证的，就只能出大船提单了，因为驳船一般都是小型内河船只，不具有出远洋船证的资格的。
Barge B/L, the barge name and voyage number is shown on the B/L so the ship date is the date of the barge while the Mother B/L shows the mother ship’s name and voyage number. It is basically not required for ordinary TT customers but for the L/C customers, particularly Bangladesh customers, because they must need certificate, as a result, you need Mother B/L. Because the barge is generally small inland river ships without the qualification of ocean carrier certificate.
另外，不少朋友会有疑问，上船日期有什么用，不明白为什么会要问货代这个问题？这是要做产地证或一些其他文件要用到的。因为产地证规定，产地证上的签发日期和申请日期不能晚于出货日期7天以内，不然就变成后发证了，而这个出货日期指的就是显示在提单上的上船日期了。
In addition, many friends have question that what is the shipped on board date used for? Why they should ask forwarders this question? It is because the certificate of origin stipulates that the issue date and application date on certificate of origin cannot later than the date of shipment within 7 days, otherwise it will become issued retrospectively. The shipping date means the shipped on board date shown on the B/L.
提单不单单是一份出货凭证，上面的很多细节都有可能关乎你这票货能否顺利出口。不管你现在对提单的认识有多少，尽可能多认识一下提单上各处知识，都能有助于你在出货的时候心中有底，掌握大局。
Bill of Lading is not just a copy of shipping document, but the details may relate to whether your products can export smoothly. No matter how much you know about B/L, now increase your knowledge about it as much as possible is useful for you to control the overall picture when shipping out the goods.
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