过分依赖搜索引擎将让记忆力减退

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据英国《每日邮报》报道，美国心理学家近日通过研究发现，由于过分依赖谷歌等搜索引擎查找信息，现代年轻人的记忆力已经远不如他们的父辈。

根据美国哈佛大学的心理学家丹尼尔•韦格纳和艾德里安•沃德的分析，现代年轻人在查找或想要确认信息时，越来越自然地依赖谷歌等网络工具。这不但使他们的记忆力逐渐减退，变得越来越健忘，有些人甚至已经把搜索引擎默认为是自己智商的一部分。

在一项实验中，研究人员将哈佛大学的学生分为两组，分别请他们回答一些琐碎问题，并在回答问题之后评价自己的智商。一组学生允许使用谷歌，另一组则只能凭自己的记忆回答。

结果显示，使用谷歌查找资料的一组对于自身智商的评价要远比另一组高得多。即使两方都回答对了同样的问题，全凭记忆力作答的学生对自己智商的自信也并不是很高。

研究人员表示：“这一结论暗示，使用谷歌之后认知自尊的提高不仅源自及时积极的反馈，也来自从中得到正确答案的满足感。可见，谷歌已在不经意间使网络成为年轻人自我认知工具的一部分。”
How Google is rotting our memories: Young people today have 'worse memories than their parents'

IT provides us with instant answers to almost any question imaginable.But our reliance on Google for fact-checking and finding basic information has made us forgetful, say scientists.

It was also found that many individuals view internet search engines as an extension of their own intelligence, rather than a separate tool.As a result they still regard themselves as being clever even when they need the internet to find answers.

In a series of tests, researchers found that participants were more likely to recall information if they believed it had been erased from a computer.

Those who thought it was stored were more forgetful, even if explicitly asked to keep the information in mind. In another experiment, the Harvard University team asked students to answer trivia questions with or without Google, and then asked them to rate their own intelligence.

They found those who used the internet had a significantly higher view of their own brain power, even compared with individuals who got the questions right through their own knowledge.

‘Using Google gives people the sense that the internet has become part of their own cognitive tool set,’ the Harvard University researchers concluded.

And rather than sharing information, people are more likely to save it electronically if they want future access to it, rather than relying on someone else’s memory, the researchers found.

Psychologists Daniel Wegner and Adrian Ward, wrote in the journal Scientific American: ‘Our work suggests that we treat the internet much like a human transactive memory partner [a person we share personal details with].
'We off-load memories to “the cloud” just as readily as we would to a family member, friend or lover.’

‘It seems that the propensity for off-loading information to digital sources is so strong that people are often unable to fix details in their own thoughts when in the presence of a cyberbuddy,’ the researchers added.

'They said that having the internet ‘undermines the impulse to ensure that some important facts get inscribed into our biological memory banks’.

The teams also found that many individuals now view Google and other Internet search engines as an extension of their own intelligence, rather than a separate tool.
Writing in the journal Scientific American, psychologists Daniel Wegner and Adrian Ward from Harvard University, warn that individuals who believe their memorable facts are saved online are much worse at remembering them.
'Our work suggests that we treat the Internet much like a human transactive memory partner [a person we share personal details with]. We off-load memories to "the cloud" just as readily as we would to a family member, friend or lover,' the pair wrote.

'The Internet, in another sense, is also unlike a human transactive memory partner; it knows more and can produce this information more quickly. Almost all information today is readily available through a quick Internet search. It may be that the Internet is taking the place not just of other people as external sources of memory but also of our own cognitive faculties.

'The Internet may not only eliminate the need for a partner with whom to share information - it may also undermine the impulse to ensure that some important, just learned facts get inscribed into our biological memory banks. We call this the Google effect.'

In a series of tests, researchers found that participants were more likely to recall information if they believed it had been erased.Those who thought it was stored on a computer were more forgetful, even if they were explicitly asked to keep the information in mind.

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