外贸人必知的提单业务

David大卫2014

外贸人必知的提单业务Bill of lading【第109期】
一、整套正本提单注有张数。是否按信用证条款交呈。

二、提单正面是否打明承运人的全名及“承运人”一词以表明其身份。

三、如提单正面已作如上表示，在承运人自己签署提单时，签署处毋须再打明承运人一词及其全名。举例：如提单正面已打明（或印明）承运人全名为XYZ LINE及“CARRIER”一词以示明其身份，在提单签署处（一般在提单的右下角）经由XYZ LINE及其负责人签章即可。如提单正面未作如（二）表示；且由运输行(FORWARDER)签署提单时，则在签署处必须打明签署人的身份。如：ABC FORWARDING CO as agents for XYZ LINE, the carrier或ABC FORWARDING Co on behalf of XYZ LINE the carrier。如提单正面已作如（二）表示，但由运输行签署提单时，则在签署处必须打明签署人的身份，如ABC FORWARDING CO as agents for the carrier或as agents foron behalf of the carrier。

四、提单有印就“已装船”(“Shipped in apparent good order and condition on board…”)字样的，毋须加“装船批注”(“On board notation”)；也有印就“收妥待运”(“Received in apparent good order and condition for shipment…”)字样的则必须再加“装船批注”并加上装船日期。

五、提单印有“intended vessel”、“intended port of loading”、“intended port of discharge”及或其他“intended…”等不肯定的描述字样者，则必须加注“装船批注”，其中须把实际装货的船名，装货港口，卸货港口等项目打明，即使和预期(intended)的船名和装卸港口并无变动，也需重复打出。

六、单式海运即港对港(装货港到卸货港)运输方式下，只须在装货港，海轮名，及卸货港三栏内正确填写；如在中途转船，转船港的港名，不能打在卸货港栏内。需要时，只可在提单的货物栏空间打明“在××（转船港）转船”“with transshipment at××”。

七、“港口”和“地点”是不同的概念。有些提单印有“收货地点”和“交货地点最后目的地”等栏目，供提单用作“多式联运”或“联合运输”运输单据时用。单式海运时不能填注。否则会引起对运输方式究竟是单式海运抑或多式联运的误解。

八、提单上印有“前期运输由”栏也为“多式联运”方式所专用，不能作为转船提单时打明第一程海轮名称的栏目。只有作多式联运运输单据时，方在该栏内注明“铁路”、“卡车”、“空运”或“江河”等运输方式。

九、提单的“收货人”栏(consigned to或consignee)须按信用证要求说明。例如，信用证规定提单为“made out to order”，则打“order”一字；“made out to order of the applicant（申请开证人）”，则打“order of××××（applicant全名）”；“made out to order of the issuing bank”，则打“order of××××Bank（开证行全名）”。如信用证规定提单直接为买主（即申请人）或开证行的抬头，则不可再加“order of”两字。

十、提单不能有“不洁净”批注，即对所承载的该批货物及其包装情况有缺陷现象的批注。

十一、除非信用证许可，提单不能注有“subject charter party”即租船契约提单。

十二、关于转船，《跟单信用证统一惯例》(UCP500)的第23条b,c两款是这样规定的：1、如信用证允许转船——指装货港和卸货港之间发生转船，同一份提单包括了整个航程；2、如信用证禁止转船，同一份提单包括整个航程，装货港和卸货港之间并不发生转船；3、如信用证禁止转船，货由集装箱、拖船、母子船载运，即使提单注明将有转船，也不作不符，但须由同一份提单包括整个航程。

十三、提单上关于货物的描述不得与商业发票上的货物描述有所不一致。如提单上货物用统称表示时，该统称须与信用证中货物描述并无不一致，且与其他单据有共通连结(Link)特征，例如唛头等。

十四、提单上通知人须注有符合信用证规定的名称和地址、电讯号码等。

十五、提单上有关运费的批注须符合信用证的规定和UCP500第33条的规定。

十六、提单上的任何涂改、更正须加具提单签发者的签章。

十七、提单必须由受益人及装货人背书。

1. The entire original bill of lading marks the number of sheets. If it should be sent according to the terms of the letter of credit.

2. If there is the carrier’s full name and Carrier term on the BL to indicate his identity.

3. If the Bill of lading has mention the above items, when the carrier sign the BL, the carrier and its full name can be ignored on the BL. For example, if the full name of the carrier XYZ LINE and “CARRIER” have been printed on the BL, then the subscription place only needs the stamp of XYZ LINE and its responsible person. If the BL hasn’t mention the thing as the term 2, and the BL is signed by the FORWARDER, then the subscription place must mark the signer’s identity. For example, ABC FORWARDING CO as agents for XYZ LINE, the carrier or ABC FORWARDING Co on behalf of XYZ LINE the carrier. If the BL has mention the thing as the term 2, but the BL is signed by the FORWARDER, then the signer’s identity must be marked on the subscription place, such as, ABC FORWARDING CO as agents for the carrier or as agents for  on behalf of the carrier.

4. If there are shipped (Shipped in apparent good order and condition on board ...) printed on the BL, then it doesn’t need to add On board notation; If there are Received in apparent good order and condition for shipment ... marked on the BL, then it must add the word board notation and the shipping date.

5. If there were intended vessel, intended port of loading, intended port of discharge and  or other intended ... and other uncertain descriptive words printed on the BL, then it must add the board notation, and the vessel name, port of loading, port of discharge and other items should be marked out even there is nothing changes for the vessel and port.

6. Under the unitary shipping way which means the Port to Port (Port of loading to port of discharge), only the Port of Loading, Ocean vessel and the Port of Discharge should be filled properly; if there is transshipment in the middle, the name of the transshipment port should not appear in the column of Port of discharge. If needed, it can only mark “transshipment in × × (transshipment port)” “with transshipment at × ×” in the bar of cargo space.

7.Port and place are different concepts. Some bill of lading marks “place of receipt” and Place of delivery  final destination and other columns for BL use as the multimodal transport.or combined transport transport documents. When it is in unitary shipping, it can not fill in the column, or it will cause the misleading of whether the transport way is unitary shipping  or multimodal transport.

8. If there is exclusive use of precarriage bycolumn withmultimodal transport printed on the BL, then it can not use as the column of the first vessel name of the transshipment bill of lading. Only for multimodal transport documents can be marked “Rail”, “truck”, “air”, “sea” and other modes of transport on that column.

9. The consigned to or consignee on the BL must mark as the LC requires. For example, the LC requires made out to order on the BL, then marks order; made out to order of the applicant, then marks order of × × × × (full name of applicant) ; made out to order of the inssuing bank , then marks order of × × × × Bank (the full name of the issuing bank). If the LC requires the BL directly make to the purchaser ( the applicant) or the title of the issuing bank, then it can not add order of.

10. The unclean clause notation can not appear on the BL, which means there are defective phenomena in the goods or the packaging.

11. Unless the LC allow, the subject charter party can not appear on the BL.

12.About transshipment, Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP500) Article 23 b, c are two such provisions 1, if the letters of credit allow transshipment – among the port of loading and port of discharge occurs the transshipment, the bill of lading includes the entire voyage; 2, if the LC prohibits transshipment, the bill of lading includes the entire voyage and there does not occur transshipment between the port of loading and the port of discharge; 3, if the LC prohibits transshipment and the cargo are carried by the containers, tugs and mother ship, even the bill of lading marks that there will be transshipment, it will not be regarded as the discrepancies, but it must be the same bill of lading including the entire voyage.

13. The description of the goods in the bill of lading shall not be different with the description on the commercial invoice. If the goods description is the joint name on the BL, then it must be consistent with that on the LC and have the common link with other documents such as the Marks.

14. The Notify Party on the bill of lading should comply with the name, address and telecommunications numbers in the LC.

15. The endorsement related to the freight on the bill of lading shall meet the credit requirements and the provisions of Article 33 of UCP500.

16. Any modification of the bill of lading must add the signature of the issue part.

17. Bill of lading must be endorsed by the beneficiary and Shipper.

本文转来来自微信公众号：外贸连